This article in today’s edition of the New York Daily News serves as a timely reminder that the Freedom of Information Act – and independent, investigative journalism in general – are essential in order to protect the public, and in particular by revealing to the public any evidence of wrongdoing that the perpetrators conspire to cover up.
The paper’s must-read expose reveals the concerted efforts of eleven different New York City-based hospitals to hide from public health regulators numerous incidents of serious mistakes made by its staff members, resulting in dozens of patients suffering serious injuries . . . without them even receiving any subsequent notifications mandated by law!
First, let’s provide a little perspective in terms of the scale of patients involved in the dozens of “botched operations, deadly accidents, malpractice and other medical mistakes” that have until this article was published earlier today had been systemically covered up: The story points out that as the busiest municipal system in the US, New York City’s eleven acute-care hospital provided care for 1.3 million patients last year; of whom 450,000 had no health insurance coverage.
It’s important to note that the Daily News‘ months-long investigation, which made very good use of the Freedom of Information Act, which mandates that certain information be released to journalists or academic researchers upon the filing and acceptance of a request – when there is a “public interest” in such information being revealed (see here and here for further background).
The investigation uncovered some extremely troubling incidents of medical malpractice, “mistakes”, “accidents” and “screwups” occurring at these eleven hospitals on a shockingly-large scale. Records reveal that over the four-year time period covering 2004 to September 2008, New York State cited city hospitals 68 times for violating laws that require immediate reporting of so-called “adverse events.”
Specifically, the law requires all hospitals providing care in New York to “quickly report all serious medical mishaps to the state.”
But according to Arthur Levin, the Director of The Center for Medical Consumers and an expert on this issue interviewed for the story: “There’s a tremendous lack of confidence in the reporting. It matters because it is a way to understand where the safety problems are. . . . this identifies what goes wrong and where.”
According to the story’s authors, “hidden incidents” uncovered by the investigation — and corroborated by dozens of interviews with doctors, patients, lawyers and the families of victims — bordered on what they deemed as”Medieval.”
Some incidents were simply not reported, while others were reported long after the fact, making an accurate and comprehensive investigation “impossible.” Some of the records that were reviewed by the paper were in fact either “incomplete or even fictional.”
Here are some specific examples of horrific medical malpractice committed (and not reported) at these eleven New York City hospitals:
- A stroke victim’s leg had to be amputated after gangrene was left untreated. No report.
- An ill infant died after sitting, unexamined by a doctor in an ER for 24 hours. Confronted for not having enough doctors on duty, they produce a “corrected” report saying there was – a month after the fact.
- A mental patient hanged himself and, after several days, died. Though hospitals must report suicides, they report this one as an “unexpected death.”
- Records were altered after medical students made mistakes and an infant died.
- Logs for a respirator were changed after staff failed to notice it wasn’t turned on. The patient died.
It is also important to realize that many of these findings were revealed to the public an entire year after employees of Kings County Hospital tried to hide the death of 49-year-old Esmin Green. Hospital staff wrote in records that she was “fine”; this despite the fact that video shot at the time of her expiration the victim dead on the floor.
Yet as the investigation continued apace, the cover-up of this tragic incident was recognized as representing merely one small part of a much larger pattern found in thousands of pages of internal hospital records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act request.
Apart from the fact that the protocol for reporting such hospital mistakes and injuries to the proper channels – in this case a New York State-run oversight panel named the New York Patient Occurrence Reporting and Tracking System (NYPORTS) – there are other reasons why this scandal was allowed to remain obscured for such a long period of time.
First, even if an incident were to be reported to NYPORTS (and that is a BIG if), the amount of sanctions the hospital would end up facing are – at least for the sake of deterring this behavior – totally meaningless. For example, the article notes that:
“From 2002 through June [2009] – when there were hundreds of citations – there were only 12 enforcement actions brought against all 11 city-run hospitals. Fines totalled a paltry $235,000.”
We also find out that:
Five of the 11 hospitals faced zero enforcement actions and zero fines in that time period, though the five racked up hundreds of complaints. [While[ the state is supposed to track and analyze all medical incidents and implement improvements. The problem is this oversight system (NYPORTS) is a disaster.” (emphasis in original)
Since 1999, all New York hospitals have been required to self-report a long list of medical incidents to NYPORTS, which in turn analyzes the incidents and implements patient safety reform. . . and the Statewide Council that oversees it hasn’t met in over two years. Though NYPORTS is supposed to release these “annual” reports, the last one filed is dated 2004.
Be sure to read this article in its entirety, as it is a powerful reminder that many “self-reporting” and other healthcare-related oversight systems (such as NYPORTS) are completely ineffective as a result of their simply not being put into practice, and even if they are, these “self-policing” mechanisms involve little more than a figurative slap on the wrist.